Proper name: San Deo Nhin (or Son Dao Nhan)
Other names: Trai, Trai Dat, Man quan coc (which means “man-in-shorts”), Man vay xe (“man in split cloth”).
Population: 93,530 people
History: The Sandiu migrated to Vietnam about 300 years ago.

Production activities: The Sandiu cultivate more on dry fields and fewer on submerged fields. Aside from their common crops like rice, maize and manioc, they also grow several types of root plants. The Sandiu have long used manure to fertilize the soil. Because of an additional blade, their ploughshares are abundant shaper and, thus, a lot of appropriate for cultivating the powerful and gravelly land of the Sandiu region

Diet: The Sandiu mainly eat normal rice, typically mixed with sweet potatoes and manioc. After meals, they prefer to have watery porridge of a sort conjointly enjoyed by the Nung

Clothing: The normal costume of the Sandiu ladies contain a black scarf and a protracted shirt with single or double layers. If a double-layered shirt is worn, there's a white shorter shirt within the indigo-colored outer shirt, a red brassiere and a white, pink or blue belt. Their dress is created from 2 separate laps connected in one hem; its length stretches to the knees. It's dyed indigo whereas the waist-band is white in color. Sandiu jewellery for girls is contained a necklace, bracelet, earrings and therefore the silvery sa tich. Sandiu men’s costume is way just like the Viet’s style: traditionally, they wind their hair on the highest of the pinnacle, and wear turbans, black ao dai (traditional long dress), and white pantaloons.

Transportation: Apart from using their shoulders to carry things, they also use the no-wheel carts as a means of transporting goods. This cart is made of bamboo and wood, drawn on sled ties by buffaloes and used for transporting everything from rice to fire-wood, to manure. Because the cart does not have wheels, it operates well on a variety of terrains.

Lifestyle: The Sandiu mainly live within the midlands in the northern region, from the left-bank of the Red River to the east. Their villages are just like Viet villages, typically surrounded by bamboo rows and fences between homes. They live in cottages with earthen or plank walls

Transportation: Aside from using their shoulders to hold things, they conjointly use the no-wheel carts as a way of transporting products. This cart is created of bamboo and wood, drawn on sled ties by buffaloes and used for transporting everything from rice to fire-wood, to manure. As a result of the cart doesn't have wheels, it operates well on a range of territories.

Social organization: Before the August Renovation in 1945, land and fields had been privatized and social categories was clearly outlined. Landlords and rich peasants occupied most of the land and fields and exploited peasants and farmers though renting land, hiring labor, and charging high interest loans. Furthermore the executive government, every village incorporates a chief elected by the individuals to control public affairs

Marriage: Boys and ladies are given the liberty to like, however their wedding conjointly depends on their “destiny” and on their parents’ final selections

There are several rites during a Sandiu marriage. Most notably, there's typically a ceremony referred to as le khai hoa tuu (opening ceremony of the flower liquor) at the house or the girl’s family. Individuals prepare a bottle of wine and a dish on that 2 items of paper flowers are placed – the white flower is placed underneath the red one that rests on prime. 2 boiled eggs are placed on the dish, threaded with red string and tied with 2 coins on either ends. When worshiping, the shells of the boiled eggs are launched and their yolk is mixed with the wine for a drink toasting the couple.

Funerals: When the dead body is lowered into the grave, his or her kids standing at the foot of the coffin ought to crawl round the grave. The boys ought to do it from the left, and therefore the ladies do it in the other way. They ought to be pushing the soil into the grave whereas crawling. After they rise up, all can take a few of soil and run quick towards their homes and place he soils into the buffalo pens and pigsties with the hope that the cattle and animals can grow quickly. Then they're going to conjointly run into their homes, and sit during a rice basket in belief that those whose have millions of rice sticking to their bodies are the lucky ones. Finally, every person tears a chunk from a boiled chicken to eat. The eldest can get the cockscomb and people next in line receive the pinnacle, neck, and wings

The grave home is typically flat-roofed structure lined with forest leaves. In an exhumation ceremony, the bones of the deceased are place during a tiny earthenware coffin or an enormous jar and organized during a sitting manner. If a lucky day has nonetheless to be selected beforehand, the dead are re-buried at the foot of a hill or on a field bank

New house: When someone or a family builds a house, relatives and villagers are willing to return and assistance while not being asked to try to to therefore. To celebrate a new house, the house owner ought to invite an elder within the lineage to bring fireplace, a lime pot and seeds into the house

Beliefs: Typically 3 incense bowls are placed on the altar to worship ancestors, the shaman and therefore the Kitchen God. If the host isn't initiated, there'll be solely 2 incense bowls. An incense bowl is additionally placed on the altar however at a lower level to worship the dead. Additionally, the Sandiu conjointly worship earth spirits at joss homes and therefore the village’s tutelary god at shrines.

Festivals: The Sandiu also celebrate different festivals like other groups in their regions. In particular, the winter Tet season expresses their hopes for many descendants. Couples who do not have a child long after their marriage will move to live at the parents’ house after the Tet festival. The husband, then, will send a middle man to ask his wife back and they will hold a brand new wedding ceremony.

Calendar: The Sandiu respect the lunar calendar

Education: within the past, kids learned Chinese to become ritual specialists, however few apprehend Chinese these days

Artistic activities: Like different teams, Sandiu couples conjointly sing alternating songs at night, that they call soong co. Some performances last for many nights

Source: wil-travel

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